Assessment of phytotoxic spent broth and spores of Alternaria alternata (LC#508) as a formulation with enhanced mycoherbicidal activity to control Lantana camara
Enhanced social concern towards the ill effects of synthetic agrochemicals, their residual toxicity and resistance development in the target pests created a necessity of exploration of alternatives. Fungal biocontrol agents have been used as herbicides over two decades and research continues to enhance their efficacy comparable to synthetic herbicides. Combinations of synthetic herbicides with the fungal biocontrol agents was an approach adopted to enhance mycoherbicidal activity but had limited acceptance due to negative effects of their synthetic components. Hence a necessity for development of the formulations having least toxicity or being benign to non-target organisms was felt. The present study brings forth a new dimension of holistic and ecofriendly bioherbicidal formulations comprising of crude phytotoxins and spores of Alternaria alternata LC# 508 which enhances outstandingly its mycoherbicidal potential. Spent broth of Alternaria alternata (LC#508) exhibited toxic activity to its spores (autotoxicity) at a concentration of
50μg/ml which was used for developing five formulations FN1 to FN5. Formulations No. 5 was the best of all the formulations when evaluated by pot trails compared to control and other formulations. Disease onset and mortality was observed in 3.5 days and 5 days respectively in case of formulation No 5 (50 μg of crude spent broth + 1x 10 6 spores/ml) when compared to spore spray alone. Thus the formulation of crude spent broth and fungal spores could be developed as a cost effective and efficacious bioherbicide formulation when compared to the spores alone.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
REFERENCES(27)
1.
Ahmed A.S., Ezziyyani M., Sanchez C.P., Candela M.E. 2003. Effect of chitin on biological control activity of Bacillus sp. and Trichoderma harzianum against root rot in pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants. Eur. J. Plant Pathol.109: 633–637.
Altman J., Neate S., Rovira A.D. 1990. Herbicide-pathogen interaction and mycoherbicides as alternative strategies of weed control. p. 240–259. In: “Microbes and Microbial Products as Herbicides” (R.E. Hoagland, ed.). American Chemical Society, Washington DC.
Cabras A., Mannoni M.A., Serra S., Andol A., Fiore M., Evidente A. 2006. Occurrence, isolation and biological activity of phytotoxic metabolites produced in vitro by Sphaeropsis sapinea, pathogenic fungus of Pinus radiate. Eur. J. Plant Pathol.115: 187–193.
Chaing M.Y., Van Dyke C.G., Leonard K.J. 1989. Evaluation of endemic foliar fungi for potential biological control of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halpense) screening and host range test.Plant Dis. 73: 459–464.
Duan G., Zhang Z., Zhang J., Zhou Y., Yu L., Yuan Q. 2007.Evalu ation of crude toxin and metabolite produced by Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. for the control of rice sheath blight in paddy fields. Crop Protection26 (7): 1036–1041.
Graham G.L., Peng G., Bailey K.L., Holm F.A. 2006. Effect of plant stage, Colletotrichum truncatum dose, and use of herbicide on control of Matricaria perforate. BioControl 52: 573–589.
Jahromi F.G., Ven R.J. de, Cother E.J., Ash G.J. 2006. The interaction between Plectrosporium alismatis and sublethal doses of bensulfuron-ethyl reducing the growth of starfruit (Damasonium minus) in rice. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 16 (19): 929–940.
Prasad R. 1994. Influence of several pesticides and adjuvant on Chondrostereum purpureum– a bioherbicidal agent for forest weeds. Weed Technol. 8: 445–449.
Rosskopf E.N., Charudattan R., Kadir J.B. 1999. Use of plant pathogens in weed control. p. 891–918. In: “Handbook of Biological Control” (T.S. Bellows, T.W. Fisher, eds.). Academic Press, New York.
Saxena S., Pandey A.K. 2002. Evaluation of an indigenous isolate of Alternaria alternataLC # 508 for use as a mycoherbicide for Lantana camara. Crop Protection20 (1): 73–79.
Saxena S., Pandey A.K. 2001. Microbial secondary metabolites as ecofriendly agrochemicals for the next millennium. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.55(4): 395–403.
Vicente M.F., Cabello A., Platas G., Basilio A., Diez M.T., Dreikorn S., Giacobbe R.A., Onishi J.C., Meinz M., Kurtz M.B., Rosenbach M., Thompson J., Abruzzo G., Flattery A., Kong L., Tsipouras A., Wilson K.E., Pelaez F. 2001. Antimicrobial activity of ergokonin A from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91: 806–813.
Watson A.K., Gottleib A. 1990. Synergistic herbicidal compositions comprising microbial herbicides and chemical herbicides or plant growth regulators. US Patent No. 4808069.
Wilson C.L., Solar J.M., Ghaouth A., Wisniewski M.E. 1997. Rapid evaluation of plant extracts and essential oils for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Plant Dis. 8: 204–210.
Wymore L.A., Watson A.K., Gottlieb A.R. 1987. Interaction between Colletotrichum coccodes and thidiazuon for the control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Sci.35: 377–382.
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.