ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Combination of spintor with botanical powders as toxicant against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
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1 |
Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria |
2 |
Fruit Improvement Unit, National Horticultural Research Institute, Nigeria |
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Samuel Adelani Babarinde
Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ilorin Road, 210001, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Submission date: 2022-12-12
Acceptance date: 2023-02-24
Online publication date: 2023-03-03
HIGHLIGHTS
- Five botanical powders were admixed with Spintor® and evaluated as toxicants against Tribolium castaneum.
- Citrus species admixed with spintor and applied at 500 mg/kg killed higher T. castaneum than what was observed in the mixture with other plants.
- Admixing spintor with any of the Citrus powders {at 1:1 (w/w)} applied at 500 mg/kg seed is recommended.
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ABSTRACT
Postharvest insect pests constitute major threats to food security because they cause qualitative and quantitative damage to agricultural produce. Therefore, eco-friendly and cost-effective measures should be used for their management. In this study, five botanical powders (Trema orientalis and Crataeva religiosa leaves; and Citrus tangelo, Citrus maxima and Citrus aurantifolia peels) were admixed with Spintor® {1.25 active ingredient (a. i.) mg/kg} and evaluated as toxicants against Tribolium castaneum. Each botanical powder and spintor was solely applied at 1000 mg/kg millet seeds. Spintor-botanical powder mixtures admixed at a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) were applied at 500 and 1000 mg/kg, corresponding to 0.313 and 0.625 a. i. mg/kg for spintor in the mixtures, respectively. On the 14th day of exposure, the Citrus species admixed with spintor and applied at 500 mg/kg evoked significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage mortality (72.22–90.28%) than what was observed in the mixture of spintor with T. orientalis (22.08%) or the mixture of spintor with C. religosa (17.92%) applied at 500 mg/kg. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the treatments against the insects. The time required to kill 50% of the assayed insects (LT50) when Citrus species were admixed with spintor at 500 mg/kg (10 days) was shorter than 14 days observed in the mixture of spintor with T. orientalis or C. religiosa. Therefore, admixing spintor with any of the Citrus powders {at 1:1 (w/w)} applied at 500 mg/kg seed is recommended for the protection of millet seeds against T. castaneum.,
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.