ORIGINAL ARTICLE
 
HIGHLIGHTS
  • Barnyardgrass and prickly sida reduce cotton yield in Eastern Mississippi
  • The 04 flow-rate nozzles increased barnyardgrass control compared to the 02 nozzles
  • Effect on cotton yield was not significant with respect to nozzle type
  • A two-pass POST program gave the highest barnyardgrass and prickly sida control
  • One nozzle type for optimal control of all weeds is not a one-size-fits-all answer
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Nozzle type and herbicide application timing can affect herbicide efficacy. Prickly sida (Sida spinosa) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) are problematic weeds in eastern Mississippi cotton production and have reduced yield in recent years. Field studies were conducted at two locations – Brooksville, MS (2018, 2019) and Starkville, MS (2019) to understand the nozzle type and herbicide application timing effects on prickly sida and barnyardgrass control in cotton. Studies also compared applications made by an eight-nozzle tractor-mounted sprayer with a four-nozzle backpack sprayer. Herbicide applications were made at four timings: preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST), and late-postemergence (LPOST) corresponding to the preemergence (immediately after planting), two-to-three leaf, four-to-six leaf, and early-bloom stages, respectively. Treatments were made at 140 l · ha−1 applied at each growth stage, with nozzle type and sprayer as variables by each timing. Results showed no differences in treatments applied with backpack and tractor-mounted sprayers. Control of barnyardgrass was significantly affected by nozzle type, but control of prickly sida was not significantly influenced by nozzle type. In all three site-years, plots receiving a MPOST only herbicide application resulted in less weed control than areas receiving a two-pass POST herbicide program. Cotton yield was significantly affected by the herbicide program at one site-year, but was not significantly affected by the herbicide program except where cotton injury exceeded 15%. A two- or three-pass herbicide program was most effective in controlling prickly sida and barnyardgrass in Mississippi cotton.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors acknowledge the funding of this project from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Hatch Project (MIS-522070).
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Przemysław Kardasz
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
 
REFERENCES (25)
1.
Butts T.R., Samples C.A., Franca L.X., Dodds D.M., Reynolds D.B., Adams J.W., Zollinger R.K., Howatt K.A., Fritz B.K., Hoffmann W.C., Kruger G.R. 2018. Spray droplet size and carrier volume effect on dicamba and glufosinate efficacy. Pest Management Science 74: 2020–2029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.491....
 
2.
Cahoon C.W., York A.C., Jordan D.L., Everman W.J., Seagroves R.W., Braswell L.R., Jennings K.M. 2015a. Weed control in cotton by combinations of microencapsulated acetochlor and various residual herbicides applied preemergence. Weed Technology 29: 740–750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-D-1....
 
3.
Cahoon C.W., York A.C., Jordan D.L., Everman W.J., Seagroves R.W., Culpepper A.S., Eure P.M. 2015b. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) management in dicamba-resistant cotton. Weed Technology 29: 758–770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-D-1....
 
4.
Carter O.W., Prostko E.P., Davis J.W. 2017. The influence of nozzle type on peanut weed control programs. Peanut Science 44 (2): 93–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3146/PS17-4....
 
5.
Creech C.F., Henry R.S., Fritz B.K., Kruger G.R. 2015. Influence of herbicide active ingredient, nozzle type, orifice size, spray pressure, and carrier volume rate on spray droplet size characteristics. Weed Technology 29 (2): 298–310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-D-1....
 
6.
Dorr G.J., Hewitt A.J., Adkins S.W., Hanan J., Zhang H., Noller B.A. 2013. A comparison of initial spray characteristics produced by agricultural nozzles. Crop Protection 53: 109–117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crop....
 
7.
Etheridge R.E., Hart W.E., Hayes R.M., Mueller T.C. 2001. Effect of Venturi-type nozzles and application volume on postemergence herbicide efficacy. Weed Technology 15 (1): 75–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/0890-0....
 
8.
Eure P.M., Culpepper A.S., Merchant R.M. 2013. An assessment of cotton tolerance to pyroxasulfone, acetochlor, and S-metolachlor. p. 740–750. In: Proceedings of “The 2013 Beltwide Cotton Conferences”. San Antonio, TX: National Cotton Council of America, January 7−10, 2013.
 
9.
EPA. 1999. Spray drift on pesticides. EPA Publication No. 735 F99024, Washington, D.C.: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
 
10.
Faircloth W.H., Prostko E.P. 2010. Effect of imazapic and 2,4-DB on peanut yield, grade, and seed germination. Peanut Science 37: 78−82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3146/PS09-0....
 
11.
Ferguson J.C., Chauhan B.S., Chechetto R.G., Hewitt A.J., Adkins S.W., Kruger G.R., O’Donnell C.C. 2019. Droplet-size effects on control of Chloris spp. With six POST herbicides. Weed Technology 33 (1): 153–158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.20....
 
12.
Ferguson J.C., Chechetto R.G., Adkins S.W., Hewitt A.J., Chauhan B.S., Kruger G.R., O’Donnell C.C. 2018. Effect of spray droplet size on herbicide efficacy on four winter annual grasses. Crop Protection 112: 118–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crop....
 
13.
Ferguson J.C., Chechetto R.G., Hewitt A.J., Chauhan B.S., Adkins S.W., Kruger G.R., O’Donnell C.C. 2016a. Assessing the deposition and canopy penetration of nozzles with different spray qualities in an oat (Avena sativa L.) canopy. Crop Protection 81: 14–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crop....
 
14.
Ferguson J.C., Chechetto R.G., O’Donnell C.C., Dorr G.J., Moore J.H., Baker G.J., Powis K.J., Hewitt A.J. 2016b. Determining the drift potential of Venturi nozzles compared with standard nozzles across three insecticide spray solutions in a wind tunnel. Pest Management Science 72 (8): 1460–1466.DOI: 10.1002/ps.4214.
 
15.
Ferguson J.C., O’Donnell C.C., Chauhan B.S., Adkins S.W., Kruger G.R., Wang R., Urach Ferreira P., Hewitt A.J. 2015. Determining the uniformity and consistency of droplet size across spray drift reducing nozzles in a wind tunnel. Crop Protection 76: 1−6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2015.06.008.
 
16.
Ivy H.W., Baker R.S. 1972. Prickly sida control and competition in cotton. Weed Science 20 (2): 137–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S00431....
 
17.
Norsworthy J.K., Bond J., Scott R.C. 2013. Weed management practices and needs in Arkansas and Mississippi rice. Weed Technology 27: 623−630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-D-1....
 
18.
Ramsdale B.K., Messersmith C.G. 2001. Drift-reducing nozzle effects on herbicide performance. Weed Technology 15 (3): 453–460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/0890-0....
 
19.
Rankins A., Byrd J.D., Mask D.B., Barnett J.W., Patrick G.D. 2005. Survey of soybean weeds in Mississippi. Weed Technology 19 (2): 492−498.
 
20.
Scott G.H., Askew S.D., Wilcut J.W. 2002. Glyphosate systems for weed control in glyphosate-tolerant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technology 16 (1): 191–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/0890-0....
 
21.
Sikkema P.H., Brown L., Shropshire C., Spieser H., Soltani N. 2008. Flat fan and air induction nozzles affect soybean herbicide efficacy. Weed Biology Management 8 (1): 31–38. DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00271.x.
 
22.
Talbert R.E., Burgos N.R. 2007. History and management of herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinocloa crus-galli) in Arkansas rice. Weed Technology 21 (2): 324–331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-06-....
 
23.
Wolf R., Bode L., Wax L. 1990. Effect of volume, pressure, and nozzle type on coverage and weed control from postemergence herbicides. FAPC Illinois:101.
 
24.
Wolf T.M. 2000. Low-drift nozzle efficacy with respect to herbicide mode of action. Aspects of Applied Biology 57: 29–34.
 
25.
Zhu H., Rowland D.L., Dorner J.W., Derksen R.C., Sorensen R.B. 2002. Influence of plant structure, orifice size, and nozzle inclination on spray penetration into peanut canopy. American Society of Agricultural Engineers 45 (5): 1295–1301. DOI: 10.13031/2013.11058.
 
eISSN:1899-007X
ISSN:1427-4345
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top