REVIEW
Pest Risk Analysis on Xylella fastidiosa in Morocco
| 1 | National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA-Morocco), Regional Center of Kénitra, Laboratory of Virology, Rue Abou Temmam, Kénitra, Morocco |
| 2 | Isituto Valenciano di Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Plant Protection and Biotechnology Centre, Moncada, Spain |
| 3 | Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, UOS Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy |
| 4 | Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéenes, Itituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari (CIHEAM/MAIB), Valenzano (BA), Italy |
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Online publish date: 2018-10-04
Submission date: 2018-04-11
Acceptance date: 2018-08-24
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2018;58(3):215–219
KEYWORDS:
TOPICS:
ABSTRACT:
Morocco is basically an agricultural country; almost 40% of the workforce is employed in this sector. Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-inhabiting pathogen which can infect more than 300 plant species, although most host species are symptomless. Until relatively recently, X. fastidiosa was primarily limited to North and South America, but in 2013 a widespread epidemic of olive quick decline syndrome caused by this fastidious pathogen appeared in southeastern Italy, and later several cases of X. fastidiosa outbreaks have been reported in other European countries (France, Germany and Spain). Following these recently confirmed findings of X. fastidiosa in the European Union, this bacterium has become a serious threat to the Moroccan flora. The national phytosanitary authorities have adopted several measures to prevent the introduction of X. fastidiosa into the national territory by deciding,
inter alia, to suspend importation of host plant species to the bacterium from infected areas. This paper presents the phytosanitary risk of this bacterium in Morocco.
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS:
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
Mohamed Afechtal
National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA-Morocco), Regional Center of Kénitra, Laboratory of Virology, Rue Abou Temmam, P.B. 257 Kénitra, Morocco., 14 rue Abou Temmam, B.P. 257, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
REFERENCES (25):
| 1. | Afechtal M., Ait Friha A., Bibi I. 2018. A preliminary survey on the presence of Xylella fastidiosa in olive, citrus and grapevine groves in Morocco. Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires 6 (1): 6–9. Available on: https://agrimaroc.org/index.ph.... |
| 2. | Bosso L., Di Febbraro M., Cristinzio G., Zoina A., Russo D. 2016. Shedding light on the effects of climate change on the potential distribution of Xylella fastidiosa in the Mediterranean basin. Biological Invasions 18: 1759–1768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530.... |
| 3. | Bove J. M., Ayres A.J. 2007. Etiology of three recent diseases of citrus in Sao Paulo State: Sudden death, variegated chlorosis and huanglongbing. International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Life 59: 346–354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/152165.... |
| 4. | Elbeaino T., Yaseen T., Valentini F., Ben Moussa I.E., Mazzoni V., D’Onghia A.M. 2014. Identification of three potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in southern Italy. Phytopathologica Mediterranea 53: 328–332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14601/Phyto.... |
| 5. | EPPO. 2015a. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Reporting Service no. 08. Nr. 2015/144. Available on: https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/.... |
| 6. | EPPO. 2015b. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Reporting Service no. 10. Nr. 2015/180. Available on: https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/.... |
| 7. | EPPO. 2016a. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Reporting Service no. 07. Nr. 2016/133. Available on: https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/.... |
| 8. | EPPO. 2016b. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Reporting Service no. 11. Nr. 2016/213. Available on: https:// gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-.... |
| 9. | EPPO. 2017a. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Reporting Service no. 05. Nr. 2016/102. Available on: https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/.... |
| 10. | EPPO. 2017b. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Reporting Service no. 07. Nr. 2017/133. Available on: https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/.... |
| 11. | Hopkins D.L., Purcell A.H. 2002. Xylella fastidiosa: cause of Pierce’s disease of grapevine and other emergent diseases. Plant Disease 86: 1056–1066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2.... |
| 12. | Janse J.D., Obradovic A. 2010. Xylella fastidiosa: its biology, diagnosis, control and risks. Journal of Plant Pathology 92: S1.35–S1.48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4454/jpp.v9.... |
| 13. | Krell R.K., Boyd E.A., Nay J.E., Park Y.L., Perring T.M. 2007. Mechanical and insect transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to Vitis vinifera. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 58: 211–216. Available on: http://www.ajevonline.org/cont.... |
| 14. | MAPM (Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche Maritime). 2016. Ressources hydriques. Available on: http://www.agriculture. gov.ma/pages/lirrigation-au-ma.... |
| 15. | McKamey S.H. 2001. Checklist of Leafhopper Species, 1758–1955 (Hemiptera: Membracoidea: Cicadellidae and Myserslopiidae) with Synonymy and Distribution [Catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle 6, Abridged]. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Entomology Laboratory; Washington, D.C.: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 516 pp. Available on: http://www.bio-nica.info/bibli.... |
| 16. | Nunney L., Schuenzel E.L., Scally M., Bromley R.E., Stouthamer R. 2014. Large-scale intersubspecific recombination in the plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is associated with the host shift to mulberry. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80: 3025–3033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.04.... |
| 17. | Peel M.C., Finlayson B.L., McMahon T.A. 2007. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4: 439–473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-1.... |
| 18. | Purcell A.H. 2013. Paradigms: examples from the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Annual Review of Phytopathology 51: 229–356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annure.... |
| 19. | Purcell A.H. 1980. Almond leaf scorch: leafhopper and spittlebug vectors. Journal of Economic Entomology 73: 834–838. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/73.... |
| 20. | Randal J.J., Golberg N.P., Kemp J.P., Radionenko M., French J.M., Olsen M.W., Hanson S.F. 2009. Genetic analysis of a novel Xylella fastidiosa subspecies found in the southwestern United States. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75: 5631–5638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00.... |
| 21. | Redak R.A., Purcell A.H., Lopes J.R.S., Blua M.J., Mizell III R.F., Andersen P.C. 2004. The biology of xylem fluid-feeding insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa and their relation to disease epidemiology. Annual Review of Entomology 49: 243–270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annure.... |
| 22. | Saponari M., Boscia D., Nigro F., Martelli G.P. 2013. Identification of DNA sequences related to Xylella fastidiosa in oleander, almond and olive trees exhibiting leaf scorch symptoms in Apulia (Southern Italy). Journal of Plant Pathology 95: 668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4454/JPP.V9.... |
| 23. | Scally M., Schuenzel E.L., Stouthamer R., Nunney L. 2005. Multilocus sequence type system for the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and relative contributions of recombination and point mutation to clonal diversity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71: 8491–8499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.... |
| 24. | Schaad N.W., Postnikova E., Lacy G., Fatmi M., Chang C.J. 2004. Xylella fastidiosa subspecies: X. fastidiosa subsp. piercei, subsp. nov., X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, subsp. nov., X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca, subsp. nov. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 27: 290–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1078/0723-2.... |
| 25. | Schuenzel E.L., Scally M., Stouthamer R., Nunney L. 2005. A multigene phylogenetic study of clonal diversity and divergence in North American strains of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Applied Environmental Microbiology 71: 3832–3839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.... |
