RAPID COMMUNICATION
Molecular cloning and characterization of pearl millet polyphenol oxidase and its role in defense against downy mildew
| 1 | Department of Studies in Microbiology, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India |
| 2 | Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India |
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Niranjan-Raj Sathyanarayana
Department of Studies in Microbiology, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Department of Studies in Microbiology, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Submission date: 2018-11-17
Acceptance date: 2019-08-22
Online publication date: 2019-10-02
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2019;59(3):423–427
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Polyphenol oxidase partial gene PG-PPO was cloned and characterized from Pennisetum
glaucum (pearl millet) which showed 42% identity to a PPO sequence isolated from wheat
at the region of Copper B with a score of 40 and e-value of 2.8. Multiple sequence alignment
results revealed similarity to polyphenol oxidase (PPO) sequences from wheat, trifolium,
lettuce, apricot, tobacco, tomato, pokeweed, apple, grape and poplar especially at the
Copper B region of PPO. The 395 bp pearl millet PPO sequence was AT rich (53.3%) and
contained the highly conserved amino acids of histidine-rich copper binding sites similar
to PPO sequences from other crops. Results also indicated that PPO in pearl millet exists
in multi copy. The role of the isolated PPO gene during pearl millet-downy mildew interaction
was analyzed and the results showed significantly higher and rapid accumulation of
PPO mRNAs in resistant pearl millet seedlings inoculated with Sclerospora graminicola in
comparison to the susceptible control, demonstrating that the PPO plays a prominent role
in pearl millet defense against pathogens, particularly downy mildew pathogen.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
REFERENCES (14)
1.
Constabel C.P., Bergey D.R., Ryan C. 1995. Systemin activates synthesis of wound-inducible tomato leaf polyphenol oxidase via the octadecanoid defense signaling pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92 (2): 407–411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.9....
2.
Demeke T., Morris C.F. 2002. Molecular characterization of wheat polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 104 (5): 813–818. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122....
3.
Goel N., Paul P.K. 2015. Polyphenol oxidase and lysozyme mediate induction of systemic resistance in tomato, when a bioelicitor is used. Journal of Plant Protection Research 55 (4): 343–350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2....
4.
Govind S.R., Jogaiah S., Abdelrahman M., Shetty H.S., Tran L-S.P. 2016. Exogenous trehalose treatment enhances the activities of defense-related enzymes and triggers resistance against downy mildew disease of pearl millet. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 1593–1604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2....
5.
Lavanya S.N., Niranjan-Raj S., Chandra N.S., Amruthesh K.N. 2017. Systemic protection against pearl millet downy mildew disease induced by cell wall glucan elicitors from Trichoderma hamatum UOM 13. Journal of Plant Protection Research 57 (3): 298–308. DOI: 1 https://doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2....
6.
Li L., Steffens J.C. 2002. Overexpression of polyphenol oxidase in transgenic tomato plants results in enhanced bacterial disease resistance. Planta 215 (2): 239–247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425....
7.
Mayer A.M. 1986. Polyphenol oxidases in plants – recent progress. Phytochemistry 26 (1): 11–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016s0031-9....
8.
Mayer A.M., Harel E. 1979. Polyphenol oxidases in plants. Phytochemistry 18: 193–215. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(79) 80057-6.
9.
Mohammadi M., Kazemi H. 2002. Changes in peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in susceptible and resistant wheat heads inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and induced resistance. Plant Science 162 (4): 491–498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-....
10.
Niranjan Raj S., Sarosh B.R., Shetty H.S. 2006. Induction and accumulation of polyphenol oxidase activities as implicated in development of resistance against pearl millet downy mildew disease. Functional Plant Biology 33 (6): 563–571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/fp0600....
11.
Green M.R. 2014. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 4th ed., Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School; Joseph Sambrook, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
12.
Sullivan M.L., Hatfield R.D., Thoma S.L., Samac D.A. 2004. Cloning and characterization of red clover polyphenol oxidase cDNAs and expression of active protein in Escherichia coli and transgenic alfalfa. Plant Physiology 136 (2): 3234–3244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104....
13.
Thipyapong P., Joel D.M., Steffens J.C. 1995. Systemic wound induction of potato (Solanum tuberosum) polyphenol oxidase. Phytochemistry 40 (3): 673–676. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9....
14.
Thipyapong P., Steffens J.C. 1997. Tomato polyphenol oxidase. Plant Physiology 115 (2): 1885–1890. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.115....
RELATED ARTICLE
