ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Infestation of Polish agricultural soils by Plasmodiophora brassicae along the Polish-Ukrainian border
 
More details
Hide details
1
Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60–479 Poznań, Poland
 
2
Department of Environmental Biology, Rzeszów University, Rejtana 16c, 35–939 Rzeszów, Poland
 
3
Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60–318 Poznań, Poland
 
 
Submission date: 2014-03-26
 
 
Acceptance date: 2014-07-18
 
 
Corresponding author
Joanna Kaczmarek
Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60–479 Poznań, Poland
 
 
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2014;54(3):238-241
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
There has been a rapid, worldwide increase in oilseed rape production that has resulted in enormous intensification of oilseed rape cultivation, leading to tight rotations. This in turn, has caused an accumulation of pests as well as foliar and soil-borne diseases. Recently, clubroot has become one of the biggest concerns of oilseed rape growers. Clubroot is caused by the soil-borne protist Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. The pathogen may be present in groundwater, lakes, and irrigation water used in sprinkling systems. It can be easily transmitted from one field to another not only by water, but also by soil particles and dust transmitted by wind and on machinery. The aim of our overall study was to check for P. brassicae infestation of Polish agricultural soils. This paper presents the 2012 results of a study performed along the Polish-Ukrainian border in two provinces: Lublin (Lubelskie Voivodeship) and the Carpathian Foothills (Podkarpackie Voivodeship), in south-east Poland. Monitoring was done in 11 counties, including nine rural and two municipal ones. In total, 40 samples were collected, out of which 36 were collected from fields located in rural areas and four from municipal areas, with two per municipal region. Each sample was collected at 8–10 sites per field, using a soil auger. The biotest to detect the presence of P. brassicae was done under greenhouse conditions using seedlings of the susceptible Brassicas: B. rapa ssp. pekinensis and the Polish variety of oilseed rape B. napus cv. Monolit. Susceptible plants grown in heavily infested soils produced galls on their roots. A county was regarded as free from the pathogen, if none of the bait plants became infected. The pathogen was found in three out of 40 fields monitored (7.5%) in the Carpathian Foothill region. The fields were located in two rural counties. The pathogen was not found in Lublin province, and was also not detected in any of the municipal counties. The detection with a biotest was fully confirmed by PCR-based molecular detection of P. brassicae DNA in soil samples.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
REFERENCES (22)
1.
Agrios N.G. 1988. Plant Pathology. 3rd ed. Academic Press Inc. San Diego, USA, 803 pp.
 
2.
Cao T., Tewari J., Strelkov S.E. 2007. Molecular detection of Plasmodiophora brassicae, causal agent of clubroot of crucifers, in plant and soil. Plant Dis. 91 (1): 80–87.
 
3.
Datnoff L.E., Kroll T.K., Fox J.A. 1984. Occurrence and population of Plasmodiophora brassicae in sediments of irrigation water sources. Plant Dis. 68 (3): 200–203.
 
4.
Diederichsen E., Frauen M., Linders E.G.A., Hatakeyama K., Hirai M. 2009. Status and perspectives of clubroot resistance breeding in crucifer crops. J. Plant Growth Regul. 28 (3): 261–281.
 
5.
Dixon G.R. 2009a. The occurrence and economic impact of Plasmodiophora brassicae and clubroot disease. J. Plant Growth Regul. 28 (3): 194–202.
 
6.
Dixon G.R. 2009b. Plasmodiophora brassicae in its environment. J. Plant Growth Regul. 28 (3): 212–228.
 
7.
Dokken F.L., Bouchard A.J., Ippolito J., Peng G., Strelkov S.E., Kirkham L., Kutcher H.R. 2010. Detection of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Saskatchewan. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 90: 126.
 
8.
Gossen B.D., McDonald M.R., Hwang S.F., Strelkov S.E., Peng G. 2013. A comparison of clubroot development and management on canola and Brassica vegetables. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 35 (2): 175–191.
 
9.
Iacomi-Vasiliescu B., Blancard D., Guenard M., Molinero-Demilly V., Laurent E., Simoneau P. 2001. Development of a PCR-based diagnostic assay for detecting pathogenic Alternaria species in cruciferous seeds. Seed Sci. Tech. 30 (1): 87–95.
 
10.
Jedryczka M., Korbas M., Jajor E., Danielewicz J., Kaczmarek J. 2013. Występowanie Plasmodiophora brassicae w glebach z uprawami roślin rolniczych w Wielkopolsce, w latach 2011–2012. [The occurrence of Plasmodiophora brassicae in agricultural soils in Wielkopolska region, in 2011–2012]. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Roślin 53 (4): 774–778.
 
11.
Konieczny W. 2012. Kiła opanowała 250 tys. hektarów. [Clubroot is present on 250 thousand hectares]. Farmer 5: 38–42.
 
12.
Korbas M., Jajor E., Budka A. 2009. Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) – a threat for oilseed rape. J. Plant Prot. Res. 49 (4): 446–451.
 
13.
Kurowski T., Majchrzak B., Jaźwińska E., Wysocka U. 2008. Skuteczność fungicydu zawierającego fluazynam w ochronie rzepaku ozimego przed kiłą kapusty (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin). [Effectiveness of a fungicide containing fluazinam for the protection of winter rape against clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin)]. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Roślin 48 (1): 212–215.
 
14.
Lüders W., Abel S., Friedt W., Kopahnke D., Ordon F. 2011. Auftreten von Plasmodiophora brassicae als Erreger der Kohlhernie im Winterrapsanbau in Europa sowie Identifizierung, Charakterisierung und molekulare Kartierung neuer Kohlhernieresistenzgene aus genetischen Ressourcen Drittes Nachwuchswissenschaftler-forum, 23–25 November 2010, Quedlinburg, Julius-Kühn-Archiv. 430 (7): 40–43.
 
15.
Pageau D., Lajeunesse J., Lafond J. 2006. Impact of clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) on the yield and quality of canola. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 28 (1): 137–143.
 
16.
Rennie D.C., Manolii V.P., Cao T., Hwang S.F., Howard R.J., Strelkov S.E. 2011. Direct evidence of surface infestation of seeds and tubers by Plasmodiophora brassicae and quantification of spore loads. Plant Pathol. 60 (5): 811–819.
 
17.
Rimmer S.R., Shattuck V.I., Buchwaldt I. 2007. Compendium of Brassica Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, USA, 117 pp.
 
18.
Robak J. 1991. Zmienność patotypów Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. występujących w Polsce i ich patogeniczność w stosunku do odmian i linii hodowlanych Brassica oleracea. Praca habilitacyjna. [Variability of the Pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. Present in Poland and Their Pathogenicity to the Cultivars and Breeding Lines of Brassica oleracea. Habilitation monograph]. Instytut Warzywnictwa, Skierniewice, Poland, 59 pp.
 
19.
Robak J. 2001. Altima 500 SC – nowa możliwość w integrowanej ochronie warzyw przed kiłą kapustnych. [Altima 500 SC – new possibility in integrated protection of vegetables against clubroot]. Owoce, Warzywa, Kwiaty 9: 38.
 
20.
Strelkov S.E., Manolii V.P., Howard R.J., Rennie D.C., Hwang S.F., Manolii E.V., Liu J., Cao T., Xiao Q. 2009. Incidence of clubroot on canola in central Alberta in 2008. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 89: 110–112.
 
21.
Strelkov S.E., Manolii V.P., Rennie D.C., Manolii E.V., Fu, H., Strelkov I.S., Hwang S.F., Howard R.J., Harding M.W. 2013. The occurrence of clubroot in Alberta in 2012. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 93: 145–148.
 
22.
Strelkov S.E., Hwang S.F. 2014. Clubroot in the Canadian canola crop: 10 years into the outbreak. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 36 (1): 27–36.
 
eISSN:1899-007X
ISSN:1427-4345
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top