ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Tea leaf disease classification using a two-phase transfer learning approach
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Sajal Sasmal 2, A,D-F
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Moloy Dhar 1, C,E-F
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1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, 157/F, Nilgunj Road, Panihati, 700114, Sodepur, India
 
2
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Academy of Technology (AOT), G T Road, Adisaptagram, 712121, Hooghly, India
 
 
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
 
 
Submission date: 2025-08-26
 
 
Acceptance date: 2025-11-03
 
 
Online publication date: 2025-11-24
 
 
Corresponding author
Sajal Sasmal   

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Academy of Technology (AOT), G T Road, Adisaptagram, 712121, Hooghly, India
 
 
 
HIGHLIGHTS
  • Hybrid EfficientNetV2S ResNet152V2 model achieves 97.61% accuracy
  • Model classifies eight tea leaf types including fungal and bacterial diseases
  • Attention modules improve feature focus and boost interpretability
  • Transfer learning cuts training time and improves generalization on small data
  • Proposed method ensures reliable early detection in tea plantation management
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ABSTRACT
Tea is one of the world's most consumed beverages, and tea plantations face significant economic losses due to various plant diseases. Early and accurate detection of these diseases is crucial for implementing effective treatment strategies and minimizing crop damage. This study leveraged deep learning techniques to automatically identify diseases in tea leaves from images, providing a tool that could assist farmers and agronomists in disease management. This research presents a deep learning technique for identifying tea leaf sicknesses, a crucial issue affecting tea manufacturing and yield. The proposed hybrid model integrated EfficientNetV2S and ResNet152V2 architectures through a novel feature fusion strategy, enhancing feature representation and generalization beyond conventional ensemble methods. It addressed challenges such as limited training samples and class imbalance by leveraging pre-trained models with regularization techniques, attention mechanisms, and an optimized focal loss function. The dataset used in this study was comprised of 885 labeled images covering eight categories of tea leaf conditions: white spot, red leaf spot, gray light, anthracnose, brown blight, bird eye spot, algal leaf, and healthy leaves. The presented study achieved 97.61% accuracy, 97.69% precision, 96.27% recall, and 96.97% F1-score, demonstrating strong and balanced classification performance. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid deep learning model surpassed conventional and recent benchmark techniques, providing an effective framework for early disease detection in tea plantations. This research contributes to the development of intelligent agriculture solutions by offering a reliable system for automated tea leaf disease identification.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
eISSN:1899-007X
ISSN:1427-4345
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