ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Seed germination and emergence of Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. in response to environmental factors
1
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of the Southern Border (UFFS), BR 158 Km 405, 85301-970 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
2
Department of Agronomy, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Via do Conhecimento Km 1, 85503-390 Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
3
Department of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
Submission date: 2015-07-02
Acceptance date: 2016-01-29
Corresponding author
Henrique von Hertwig Bittencourt
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of the Southern Border (UFFS), BR 158 Km 405, 85301-970 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of the Southern Border (UFFS), BR 158 Km 405, 85301-970 Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2016;56(1):32–38
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Eragrostis tenuifolia is a weed species that is gaining ground in Brazil. This weed occurs in pastures, grasslands, crop fields, and roadsides. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different environmental factors on E. tenuifolia seed germination and seedling emergence. The optimum constant temperature for germination was around 35–30°C. It was also found that 85% of seeds germinated under a 30/20°C alternate temperature regime. Light appears to have a positive effect on seed germination. No
seedlings emerged when seeds were buried 3 cm or deeper. The results suggested that
E. tenuifolia has the potential to spread into pastures and in no-tillage crop systems in Brazil. Measures such as the use of cover crops and/or soil cultivation can be used to limit
germination and seedling emergence, respectively.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
REFERENCES (39)
1.
Baskin C.C., Baskin J.M. 2001. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 666 pp.
2.
Benech-Arnold R.L., Sánchez R.A., Forcella F., Kruk B.C., Ghersa C.M. 2000. Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops Research 67 (2): 105–122.
3.
Benvenuti S., Macchia M., Miele S. 2001. Quantitative analysis of emergence of seedlings from buried weed seeds with increasing soil depth. Weed Science 49 (4): 528–535.
4.
Bhowmik P.C. 1997. Weed biology: importance to weed management. Weed Science 45 (3): 349–356.
5.
Boechat S.C., Longhi-Wagner H.M. 2000. Padrões de distribuição geográfica dos táxons brasileiros de Eragrostis (Poaceae, Chloridoideae). [Patterns of geographic distribution of the Brazilian taxa of Eragrostis (Poaceae, Chloridoideae)]. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 23 (2): 177–194. (in Portuguese).
6.
Borthwick H.A., Hendricks S.B., Parker M.W., Toole E.H., Toole V.K. 1952. A reversible photoreaction controlling seed germination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 38 (8): 662–666.
7.
Brasil. 2009. Regras Para Análises de Sementes. [Brazilian Rules for the Analysis of Seeds]. Brasília: Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply], 395 pp.
8.
Bridges D.C., Wu H.-I., Sharpe P.J.H., Chandler J.M. 1989. Modeling distributions of crop and weed seed germination time. Weed Science 37 (5): 724–729.
9.
Bryson C.T., Carter R. 2004. Biology of pathways for invasive weeds. Weed Technology 18 (Special Issue 1): 1216–1220.
10.
Chauhan B.S. 2013. Seed germination ecology of feather lovegrass [Eragrostis tenella (L.) Beauv. Ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes]. PLoS One 8 (11): e79398.
11.
Chauhan B.S., Gill G., Preston C. 2006. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Weed Science 54 (6): 1004–1012.
12.
Clayton W.D., Vorontsova M.S., Harman K.T., Williamson H. 2006. GrassBase – The Online World Grass Flora. Available on: http://www.kew.org/data/grasse.... [Accessed: June 15, 2015].
13.
Ellery A.J., Gallagher R.S., Dudley S.V. 2003. Dormancy and germination ecology of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). p. 389–396. In: “The Biology of Seeds: Recent Research Advances” (G. Nicolás, K.J. Bradford, D. Côme, H.W. Pritchard, eds.), Cambridge, CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 496 pp.
14.
Foley M.E., Anderson J.V., Chao W.S., Doğramaci M., Horvath D.P. 2010. Initial changes in the transcriptome of Euphorbia esula seeds induced to germinate with a combination of constant and diurnal alternating temperatures. Plant Molecular Biology 73 (1–2): 131–142.
15.
Goulart I.C.G.R., Merotto Junior A., Perez N.B., Kalsing A. 2009. Controle de capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana) com herbicidas pré-emergentes em associação com diferentes métodos de manejo do campo nativo. [Control of South African lovegrass (Eragrostis plana) in natural pastures using pre emergent herbicides and different vegetation management methods]. Planta Daninha 27 (1): 181–190. (in Portuguese).
16.
Guglieri-Caporal A., Caporal F.J.M., Valls J.F.M. 2011. Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. (Poaceae) no Mato Grosso do Sul e Mato Grosso, Brasil. [Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. (Poaceae) in Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 9 (3): 418–420. (in Portuguese).
17.
Hartmann K.M., Nezadal W. 1990. Photocontrol of weeds without herbicides. Naturwissenschaften 77 (4): 158–163.
18.
Jung M.J., Veldkamp J.F., Kuoh C.S. 2008. Notes on Eragrostis wolf (Poaceae) for the flora of Taiwan. Taiwania 53 (1): 96–102.
19.
Karssen C.M., Laçka E. 1986. A revision of the hormone balance theory of seed dormancy: studies on gibberellin and/or abscisic acid-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. p. 315–323. In: “Plant Growth Substances” (M. Bopp, ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 422 pp.
20.
Knapp P.A. 1996. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) dominance in the Great Basin Desert. Global Environmental Change 6 (1): 37–52.
21.
Koger C.H., Reddy K.N., Poston D.H. 2004. Factors affecting seed germination, seedling emergence, and survival of texasweed (Caperonia palustris). Weed Science 52 (6): 989–995.
22.
Kreitschitz A., Tadele Z., Gola E.M. 2009. Slime cells on the surface of Eragrostis seeds maintain a level of moisture around the grain to enhance germination. Seed Science Research 19 (01): 27–35.
23.
Kucera B., Cohn M.A., Leubner-Metzger G. 2005. Plant hormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination. Seed Science Research 15 (4): 281–307.
24.
Maguire J.D. 1962. Speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science 2 (2): 176.
25.
Majerowicz N., Peres L.E.P. 2008. Fotomorfogênese em plantas. [Photomorphogenesis in plants]. p. 421–438. In: “Fisiologia Vegetal” [“Plant Physiology”] (G.B. Kerbauy, ed.). 2nd ed., Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, 472 pp. (in Portuguese).
26.
Miransari M., Smith D.L. 2014. Plant hormones and seed germination. Environmental and Experimental Botany 99: 110–121.
27.
Nagy F., Schäfer E. 2002. Phytochromes control photomorphogenesis by differentially regulated, interacting signaling pathways in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 53: 329–355.
28.
Njuguna J.G.M., Gordon D.T., Louie R. 1997. Wild grass hosts of maize streak virus and its Cicadulina leafhopper vectors in Kenya. p. 236–240. In: “Maize Productivity Gains through Research and Technology Dissemination” (J.K. Ransom, A.F.E. Palmer, B.T. Zambezi, Z.O. Mduruma, S.R. Waddington, eds.). Proceedings of the Fifth Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Maize Conference Arusha, Tanzania, 3–7 June 1996, CIMMYT, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, 244 pp.
29.
Quatrano RS. 1986. Regulation of gene expression by abscisic acid during angiosperm embryo development. p. 467–477. In: “Oxford Surveys of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology” (B.J. Miflin, ed.), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, London, UK, 477 pp.
30.
Seo M., Hanada A., Kuwahara A., Endo A., Okamoto M., et al. 2006. Regulation of hormone metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds: phytochrome regulation of abscisic acid metabolism and abscisic acid regulation of gibberellin metabolism. The Plant Journal 48 (3): 354–366.
31.
Sladonja B., Krapac M., Ban D., Užila Z., Dudaš S., Dorčić D. 2014. Effect of soil type on pyrethrum seed germination. Journal of Plant Protection Research 54 (4): 421–425.
32.
Sun D., Liddle M.J. 1993. Plant morphological characteristics and resistance to simulated trampling. Environmental Management 17 (4): 511–521.
33.
Taddese G., Mohamed Saleem M.A., Astatke A., Ayaleneh W. 2002. Effect of grazing on plant attributes and hydrological properties in the sloping lands of the East African Highlands. Environmental Management 30 (3): 406–417.
34.
Tateoka T. 1965. Chromosome numbers of some East African grasses. American Journal of Botany 52 (8): 864–869.
35.
Teketay D. 1998. The role of light and temperature in the germination of twenty herbaceous species from the highlands of Ethiopia. Flora 193: 411–425.
36.
USDA. 2015. Germplasm Resources Information Network – On-line Database. Available on: http://www.ars-grin.gov.4/cgi-.... [Accessed: May 28, 2015].
37.
Watson L., Clifford H.T., Dallwitz M.J. 1985. The classification of Poaceae: subfamilies and supertribes. Australian Journal of Botany 33 (4): 433.
38.
Weibull W. 1951. A statistical distribution function of wide aplicability. Journal of Applied Mechanics 8 (1): 293–297.
39.
Yamaguchi S. 2008. Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. Annual Review Plant Biology 59: 225–251.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.