ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of biological and environmental factors on sex ratio in Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Cydia pomonella L. (Torticidae)
1
Department of Agriculture, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
2
Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
Submission date: 2014-01-09
Acceptance date: 2015-04-07
Corresponding author
Fater Mohamad
Department of Agriculture, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
Department of Agriculture, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2015;55(2):151-155
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The sex ratio in the natural population of most Hymenopteran parasitoids is 1 : 1. Females of these parasitoids, however, can
regulate the sex of their offspring in response to environmental and biological factors. Under certain circumstances, this may lead to an
overproduction of males, which can result in a very negative impact on any control program using these parasitoids. For these reasons,
understanding the effect of these factors is very important. In this study, five biological and environmental factors known to affect
sex ratio in parasitic Hymenoptera were investigated for
Ascogaster quadridentata
Wesmael, a parasitoid of
Cydia pomonella
L. Results
showed that food, ambient temperature, and parasitoid age had significant effects on the sex ratio of the offspring of Hymenopteran
parasitoids. The percentage of females decreased with lack of food, parasitoid age (when it became 10-days-old or older), and at low
(15°C) and high (35°C) temperatures. The effect of host age and density, however, was not significant.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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