ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparative efficacy of solid nano-dispersions and conventional formulations of some insecticides against Spodoptera littoralis, (Boisd.) under laboratory and field conditions
1
Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh Univeristy, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
2
Cotton Pesticides Evaluation Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza Egypt
3
Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
4
Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2024-06-12
Acceptance date: 2024-08-20
Online publication date: 2025-08-13
Corresponding author
Aly Derbalah
Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh Univeristy, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh Univeristy, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
HIGHLIGHTS
- Conventional pesticide formulations have negative environmental impacts.
- Developing commercial insecticides to microemulsion formulation are needed.
- The efficacy of commercial and microemulsion was evaluated against cotton leaf worm
- Microemulsion was more effective than commercial against Spodoptera littoralis
- Microemulsion formulation could be recommended in control of cotton leaf worm.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Owing to the large quantity of pesticides utilized conventional pesticide formulations can
have numerous negative environmental impacts such as side effects on human health and
pest resistance development. Using nano-pesticide formulations can minimize the quantity
of pesticides used, thereby lowering pest control costs, and environmental contamination.
This work used self-emulsifying and solidification technology to convert chlorpyrifos, emamectin
benzoate, and beta-cyfluthrin to solid nano-dispersions, all of which were examined
for their properties and efficacy against the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis
(Boisd.). During the preparation of the formulation mixture, solid nano-dispersion
particles with sizes ranging from 7 to 400 nm were developed. With the design of the nanoformulation,
there were variations in the active ingredient, carrier, surfactant, and pesticide
concentration types. The type of active ingredient, carrier, surfactant, and pesticide concentration
varied with the nano-formulation design. The nano-formulation with 1 to 5%
pesticides, 8% a combination of Nonyl phenol ethoxylated surfactant (Unitop 100) mixed
with Geronol surfactant (FF4), and sucrose as a carrier indicated the best polydispersity
index, Z-average, and biological activity. Moreover, the surfactant and solvent content in
the solid nano-dispersion formulation was lower than in conventional pesticide formulations.
Based on the LC50 values, chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate, and beta-cyfluthrin
solid nano-dispersions were more toxic (LC50 values were 0.17 and 0.07 for emamectin
benzoate, 4.61 and 3.61 for beta-cyfluthrin, and 10.06 and 6.74 mg · l–1 for chlorpyrifos after
24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively) than their conventional formulations (LC50 values
were 0.85 and 0.36 for emamectin benzoate nano-dispersion, 19.19 and 15.30 for beta-
-cyfluthrin nano-dispersion, and 27.01 and 26.17 mg · l–1 for chlorpyrifos-nano-dispersion
after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively) against S. littorralis under laboratory conditions.
Under field conditions, chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate, and beta-cyfluthrin in
nano-dispersion formulations were more effective against cotton leaf worms than the same
insecticides in commercial formulation. Thus, nano-formulations could be recommended
in pest control where they avoid organic solvents and reduce surfactants, control costs, and
environmental pollution.
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Piotr Iwaniuk
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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