ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparison of survival and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana A1-1 spores produced in solid and liquid state fermentation on whitefly nymph, Trialeurodes vaporariorum
1
Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
2
Biological Control Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2023-02-13
Acceptance date: 2023-05-30
Online publication date: 2023-08-17
Corresponding author
Saeedeh Javar
Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2023;63(3):308-317
HIGHLIGHTS
- Mass production manner (solid state fermentation or liquid fermentation) effect on stability and pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungus.
- The aerial conidia and blastospores are slightly more virulent comparing the submerged conidia on whitefly nymphs.
- Blastospores are as pathogenic as the aerial conidia on whiteflies nymphs. However, their survival rate is lower, especially in dry and hot conditions.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
In order to use entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as biological control agents, it is necessary
to mass produce the EPF in an economical and cost-effective manner. Currently, the mass
production of EPF is carried out mainly in two ways: solid-state fermentation in which
the aerial conidia are produced, and liquid fermentation in which the blastospores and
submerged conidia are produced. This research compares the survival of Beauveria bassiana
A1-1spores from solid and liquid culture media, after 0, 3, 6 and 9 months of storage
at room temperature (25 ± 5°C) and in the refrigerator (4°C). Furthermore, it compares
the pathogenicity of spores immediately after production and after 9 months of storage on
third nymphs of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. The aerial conidia and
blastospores were slightly more virulent than the submerged conidia on whitefly nymphs.
In laboratory bioassays, blastospores indicated more pathogenicity on nymphs than submerged
conidia, even though there was no significant difference in the pathogenicity of the
spores produced in liquid culture media in greenhouse bioassays. Moreover, survival of the
aerial conidia at a low temperature (4°C) was higher than that kept at room temperature
(25 ± 5°C). This storage temperature comparison revealed a positive effect on the stability
and survival of blastospores and submerged conidia as well. Meanwhile, the survival of
spores drastically decreased after 3 months of storage at room temperature.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the Iranian Research Institute
of Plant Protection, Tehran under Project Number
2-16-16-017-990063.
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Krzysztof Krawczyk
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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