ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Smart sprayer for weed control using an object detection algorithm (yolov5)
1
Department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
These authors had equal contribution to this work
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2024-04-11
Acceptance date: 2024-06-24
Online publication date: 2025-09-23
Corresponding author
Alaa K. Subr
Department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
HIGHLIGHTS
- Variable rate pesticide application reduces pollution and costs.
- Using convolutional neural network is promising for accurate detection of weed.
- Variable rate sprayer can result in reasonable spray parameters such as coverage, droplet density, and deposition.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Spraying pesticides is one of the most common procedures that is conducted to control
pests. However, excessive use of these chemicals inversely affects the surrounding environments
including the soil, plants, animals, and the operator itself. Therefore, researchers
have been encouraged to develop robotic sprayers that can apply pesticides at variable rates
as needed in the field. In this study, a remotely controlled sprayer with two modes (variable
rate and constant rate applications) was developed and evaluated for some spray characteristics
and application accuracy metrics when controlling weeds at two travel speeds. The
variable rate mode resulted in a high precision, recall, and accuracy in detecting weed and
applying herbicide that was 90%, 100%, and 94%, respectively. Moreover, the spray coverage,
droplet density, and the deposition on weed using the variable rate mode were 34.16%,
127.64 deposites ∙ cm–2, and 7.67 μl ∙ cm–2, respectively. The result also revealed that the
spray coverage, droplet density, and the deposition were less sensitive to the travel speed
when adopting the variable rate mode compared to the constant rate mode.
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Zbigniew Czaczyk
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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