Environmental changes significantly impact the populations of various game mammal species, altering their biology, behavior, feeding preferences, and the extent of damage they cause to agricultural crops. This study focused on the current status of the wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) — a species that has become a major agricultural pest in certain agricultural crops. In Greater Poland, which is an agricultural region of Poland, wild boars cause the greatest damage to rapeseed and maize crops. Both plant species are mainly damaged during the spring and summer growing seasons, as wild boars not only forage in these fields but also create shelter areas within them, which leads to significant yield losses. This analysis considered both the negative consequences of its presence and the positive role it plays in the ecosystem. A substantial part of the presented information is based on research and observations conducted at the Game Breeding Center of the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute in Poznań (OHZ IOR-PIB), within hunting district no. 311 (Jarocin Forest District) near Winna Góra. This district covers areas within the Środa Wielkopolska and Miłosław municipalities.