ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cotton leaf blight disease caused by Alternaria alternata in Sudan
1
Plant Pathology Department, Integrated Pest Management Center, Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan
2
Biotechnology and Biosafety Research Center, Agricultural Research Corporation, Khartoum, Sudan
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2018-12-02
Acceptance date: 2019-08-26
Online publication date: 2019-10-11
Corresponding author
Nafisa Elmahi Ahmed
Plant Pathology Department, Integrated Pest Management Center, Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan
Plant Pathology Department, Integrated Pest Management Center, Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2019;59(3):412–417
KEYWORDS
Alternaria alternataconidiaGossypium sppinternal transcribed spacer (ITS)morphological variabilitypathogenicity
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Genetically modified Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) leaves with typical symptoms of Alternaria
early blight disease resembling that of tomato and potato were observed in the
main cotton growing schemes in Sudan. Symptoms on leaves appeared as either brown
2leaf spot with gray centers or leaf blight with concentric rings. Pathogenicity tests using
isolates with both symptoms showed that the isolated fungi were highly pathogenic
to both G. hirsutum and G. barbadense cotton varieties. Alternaria alternata isolated from
infected tomato and potato leaves with early blight symptoms was included for comparison.
Microscopic examination showed that the mean length of conidia from cotton, tomato
and potato isolates ranged from 26.25 to 45.45 μm, while the width ranged from 9.56 to
13.64 μm. The mean number of transverse septa among all isolates was 3.4 to 5.7 and the
peak length ranged from 3.75 to 7.8 μm. Based on morphological characteristics the two
isolates from cotton were identified as A. alternata. Genomic DNA was extracted directly
from fungal cultures grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates using a Zymo Research
Quick DNA kit. A species-specific primer using the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal
DNA (ITS rDNA) PCR scoring indicated the presence of A. alternata using primer pair
ITS4/ITS5. Amplifications of the internal transcribed spacer region of 600 bp revealed
100% identity of the isolated fungus from cotton with A. alternata from tomato and potato.
These data oblige us to reconsider the presence of A. alternata in the four main cotton
growing schemes in Sudan while these symptoms have always been described for tomato and potato early blight disease.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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