ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of azadirachtin, cypermethrin, methoxyfenozide and pyridalil on functional response of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym.: Braconidae)
 
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Maragheh Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran
 
2
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Azarbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem 5375171379, East-Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
 
 
Corresponding author
Moosa Saber
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Maragheh Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran
 
 
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2012;52(3):353-358
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Habrobracon hebetor Say is one of the most important natural enemies of the Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae) . In this study, the sublethal effects of LC 30 concentration of azadirachtin, cypermethrin, methoxyfenozide and pyridalil on the functional response of H. hebetor to different densities of 5th instars larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller were evaluated. Young females were exposed to LC 30 of the insecticides for an appropriate time of exposure. Then, six randomly selected alive females were transferred individually to plastic Petri dishes (10 cm in diameter) and supplied with the following densities: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 of 5th instars of E . kuehniella for 24 h. Eight replicates were considered for each insecticide treatment and the control. The results revealed a type II functional response in the control, and all of the insecticide treatments. This study showed that the control and the cypermethrin treatment had the shortest (0.4143 h) and longest (0.624 h) handling time, respectively. The highest (0.0035 per hour) and lowest (0.0029 per hour) attack rate was observed in pyridalil and cypermethrin treatments, respectively. Based on values of handling time, cypermethrin had the highest adverse effect on host-finding in H. hebetor .
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
 
REFERENCES (38)
1.
Allahyari H., Fard P.A., Nozari J. 2004. Effects of host on functional response of offspring in two populations of Trissolcus grandis on the sunn pest. J. Appl. Entomol. 128 (1): 39–43.
 
2.
Carneiro T.R., Fernandes O.A., Cruz I., Bueno R.C.O.F. 2010. Functional response of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) to Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) eggs: effect of female age. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 54 (4): 692–696.
 
3.
Claver M.A., Ravichandran B., Khan M.M., Ambrose D.P. 2003. Impact of cypermethrin on the functional response, predatory and mating behaviour of a non-target potential biological control agent Acanthaspis pedestris (Stal) (Het., Reduviidae). J. Appl. Entomol.127 (1): 18–22.
 
4.
Croft B.A. 1990. Arthroptera Biological Control Agents and Pesticides. Wiley, New York, 723 pp.
 
5.
De Clercq P., Mohaghegh J., Tirry L. 2000. Effect of host plant on the functional response of the predator Podisus maculiventri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Biol. J.16 (1): 61–572.
 
6.
Dweck H.K.M., Gadallah N.S., Darwish E. 2008. Structure and sensory equipment of the ovipositor of Habrobracon hebetor(Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Micron 39 (8): 1255–126.
 
7.
Farrokhi S., Ashouri A., Shirazi J., Allahyari H., Huigens M.E. 2010. A comparative study on the functional response of Wolbachia infected and uninfected forms of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae. J. Insect Sci.10, p. 167.
 
8.
Heimpel G.E., Antolin M.F., Franqu R.A., Strand M.R. 1997. Reproductive isolation and genetic variation between two ‘strains’ of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biol. Control. 9 (3): 149–156.
 
9.
Holling C.S. 1959a. The components of predation as revealed by a study of small mammal predation of the European pine sawfly. Can. Entomol. 91 (5): 293–320.
 
10.
Holling C.S. 1959b. Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism. Can. Entomol. 91 (7): 385–398.
 
11.
Holling C.S. 1961. Principles of insect predation. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 6: 163–182.
 
12.
Holling C.S. 1965. The functional response of predators to prey density and its role in mimicry and population. Mem. Entomol. Soci. Can. 97 (45): 1–60.
 
13.
Holling C.S. 1966. The functional response of invertebrate predators to prey density. Mem. Entomol. Soci. Can. 98 (48): 1–86.
 
14.
Hopper K.R., King E.G. 1986. Liner functional response of Microplitis croceipes(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to variation in Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) density in the field. Environ. Entomol. 15 (3): 476–480.
 
15.
Houck M.A., Strauss R.E. 1985.The comparative study of functional responses: experimental design and statistical interpretation. Can. Entomol. 117 (5): 617–629.
 
16.
Hull L.A., Beers E.H. 1985. Ecological sensitivity modifying chemical control practices to preserve natural enemies. p. 103–121. In: “Biological Pest Control in Agricultural Ecosystem” (M.A. Hoy, D.C. Herzog, eds.). Academic. Press, Orlando, Florida, 589 pp.
 
17.
Isenhour D.J. 1985. Campoletis sonorensis(Hym.: Ichneumonidae) as a parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda(Lep.: Noctuidae): host stage preference and functional response. Entomophaga 30 (1): 31–36.
 
18.
Juliano S.A. 1993. Nonlinear curve fitting: predation and functional response curve. p. 159–182. In: “Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments” (S.M. Cheiner, J. Gurven, eds.). Chapman and Hall, New York, 432 pp.
 
19.
Juliano S.A. 2001. Nonlinear curve fitting: predation and functional response curves. p. 159–182. In: “Design and Anaysis of Ecological Experiments” (S.M. Cheiner, J. Gurven, eds.). 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall, New York, 415 pp.
 
20.
Kfir R. 1983. Functional response to host density by the egg parasite Trichogramma pretiosum. Entomophaga 28 (4): 345–355.
 
21.
Magro S.R., Parra J.R.P. 2001. Biology of ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on seven lepidopteran species. Sci. Agric. 58 (4): 693–698.
 
22.
Mahdavi-ParchinSofla V. 2011. Evaluation of susceptibility of ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, spinosad and abamectin insecticides and entomopathogenic fungi Mfc icdadfrs iisopoliae and Beauveria bassiana in laboratory.M.Sc. thesis, University of Maragheh, Iran, 96 pp.
 
23.
Messina F.J., Hanks J.B. 1998. Host plant alters the shape of the functional response of an aphid predator (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Environ. Entomol.27 (5): 1196–1202.
 
24.
Moezipour M., Kafil M., Allahyari H. 2008. Functional response of Trichogramma brassicae at different temperatures and relative humidities. Bull. Insectol. 61 (2): 245–250.
 
25.
Mohaghegh J., De Clercq P., Tirry L. 2001. Functional response of the predators Podisus maculiventris (Say) and Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) to the beet armyworms, Sy a ycfi sfodgf s(Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): effect of temperature. J. Appl. Entomol. 125 (3): 131–134.
 
26.
Montoya P., Liedo P., Benrey B., Barrera J.F., Cancino J., Aluja M. 2000. Functional Response and Superparasitism by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae).Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 93 (1): 47–54.
 
27.
Munyaneza J., Obrycki J.J. 1997.Functional response of Coleomeguilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Colorado potato beetle eggs (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Biol. Control. 8 (3): 215–224.
 
28.
Murdoch W.W., Oaten A. 1975. Predation and population density. Adv. Ecol. Res. 9: 1–131.
 
29.
Oaten A., Murdoch W.W. 1975. Functional response and stability in predator-prey systems. Am. Nat. 109: 289–298.
 
30.
Radhika P. Chitra K.C. 1996. Correlation between life expectancy and adult emergence in Bacon hebetor (Say) as influenced by host level nutrition. Indian J. Plant Prot. 26 (1): 68–71.
 
31.
Rafiee-Dastjerdi H., Hejazi M.J., Nouri-Ganbalani GH., Saber M. 2009. Effects of Some Insecticides on Functional Response of Ectoparasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor(Say) (Hym.: Braconidae). J. Entomol.6 (3): 161–166.
 
32.
Rohlfs W.M., Mack T.P. 1984. Functional response of opbion flavidus Brulle (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) females to various densities of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ. Entomol. 13 (3): 708–710.
 
33.
Rosenheim J.A., Hoy M.A. 1988. Sublethal effects of pesticides on the parasitoid Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 81 (2): 476–483.
 
34.
Saber M., Hejazi M.J., Kamali K., Moharramipour S. 2005. Lethal and sublethal effects of fenitrothion and deltamethrin residues on the egg parasitoid Trissolcus grandis(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 98 (1): 35–40.
 
35.
SAS Institute. 2002. The SAS system for Windows. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 58 pp.
 
36.
Solomon M.E. 1949. The natural control of animal population. J. Anim. Ecol. 18 (1): 1–35.
 
37.
van Lenteren J.C., Hale A., Klapwijk J.N., Van Schelt J., Steinberg S. 2003. Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. p. 265–304. In: “Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents: Theory and Testing Procedures” (J.C. van Lenteren, ed.). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 327 pp.
 
38.
Williams F.M., Juliano S.A. 1985. Further difficulties in the analysis of functional response experiment and a resolution. Can. Entomol. 117 (5): 631–640.
 
eISSN:1899-007X
ISSN:1427-4345
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top