REVIEW
Microbiota homeostasis: Signaling mechanism of plants to differentiate friend and foe microbes
1
Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Coimbatore, India
2
Department of Plant Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Department of Plant Physiology, Coimbatore, India
3
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
4
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Coimbatore, India
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2024-12-24
Acceptance date: 2025-02-10
Online publication date: 2025-12-15
Corresponding author
Gopalakrishnan Chellappan
Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Coimbatore, India
Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Coimbatore, India
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2025;65(4):435-454
HIGHLIGHTS
- Symbiotic and immunity signalling
- Plant molecular cues in recruiting microbiome
- Microbial inheritance between generations
- Microbial markets
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Plants have been associated with microflora for more than 400 million years, and this
long-standing interconnection takes place in different regions of the plants. The complex
community of microbes can be beneficial or pose a threat as pathogens. Previous studies
have investigated plant immune responses and interactions with diverse microbes however,
several aspects remain unclear and require further exploration. Plants utilize several small
molecules through their associated biochemical pathways to aid this recognition process.
This review examines recent progress on the distinct signaling pathways of various plant
small molecules, including amino acids, lipids, and plant secondary metabolites, as well as
the receptor-like kinases engaged in recruiting and scrutinizing the microbes involved in
interactions. This review additionally explores how the rhizosphere and phyllosphere interact
to shape the microbiome, facilitating plant homeostasis. Furthermore, it highlights the
remarkable similarities between markets in human societies and those found in microbe - plant biological systems. Together, these ideas offer a framework for understanding how
plants interact with advantageous microorganisms while simultaneously limiting harmful
pathogens. The specific biochemical mechanisms and their interconnections are gradually
being elucidated, providing a potential foundation for the development of novel plant
protection strategies. With a holistic approach, these plant‒microbe interactions can be
exploited to engineer plants with multiomics approaches for improved performance, which
can enhance crop resilience, promote sustainable agriculture, and address global food security
in the long term.
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Iwona Adamska
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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