ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Seed treatment strategies combining Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and insecticides for management of the emerging soil pest Scutigerella immaculata in soybean
1
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Proteção de Plantas, Centro de Excelência em Bioinsumos (CEBIO), Instituto Federal Goiano- Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí-GO, Brazil
2
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí - Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, (CPCE), Planalto Horizonte-BR Bom Jesus, Brazil
3
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioenergia e Grãos, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Rio Verde-GO, Brazil
4
Unidade de Biociência, Curso de Agronomia., Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Mineiros-GO, Brazil
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2026-05-04
Acceptance date: 2026-07-28
Online pre-proof publication date: 2026-08-28
Corresponding author
João Batista Coelho Sobrinho
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Proteção de Plantas, Centro de Excelência em Bioinsumos (CEBIO), Instituto Federal Goiano- Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí-GO, Brazil
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Proteção de Plantas, Centro de Excelência em Bioinsumos (CEBIO), Instituto Federal Goiano- Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Prof. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Urutaí-GO, Brazil
HIGHLIGHTS
- Seed treatment reduced populations of Scutigerella immaculata in soybean
- Combination of insecticide and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improved plant development
- Root sampling was more efficient than bait traps
- Pest peaks occurred between 60 and 90 days after planting
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Scutigerella immaculata (Symphyla: Scutigerellidae) causes increasing problems in soybean-producing areas of Brazil, particularly in MATOPIBAPA, one of the country’s most recent agricultural frontiers. This study evaluated soybean seed treatments for the control of S. immaculata, using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens applied alone or combined with chemical insecticides. It also assessed pest sampling methods and soybean responses to these treatments. Soybean seeds were treated on the day of planting in the municipality of Açailândia, Maranhão State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments (T) were T1: untreated control, T2: fipronil, T3: bifenthrin + imidacloprid, T4: clothianidin, T5: B. amyloliquefaciens, T6: clothianidin + fipronil, T7: clothianidin + lambda-cyhalothrin, T8: clothianidin + fipronil + B. amyloliquefaciens, and T9: cyantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam + abamectin. Scutigerella immaculata was sampled using potato baits placed in the soil and by direct counting on plant roots. Evaluated parameters included plant height, seedling emergence, seed germination, and fresh root and shoot mass, which showed significant differences between treatments. Direct counting on plant roots detected more individuals than bait sampling. Among the treatments, T7 resulted in the lowest mean number of S. immaculata individuals. Pest population peaks occurred between 60 and 90 days after planting. Further studies are needed to clarify the effectiveness of the evaluated biological product and to determine the contribution of soybean seed treatment to the control and integrated management of this emerging pest.
FUNDING
The research received financial support from Centro de Excelência em Bioinsumos (CE-358 BIo) and from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Goiás (FAPEG).
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Aneesa Batool
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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