ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Survey on phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows in Eastern Georgia, Caucasus region
| 1 | Integrated Plant Protection Research, Legal Entity of Public Law, Scientific Research Center of Agriculture, Georgia |
| 2 | Plant Pest Diagnostics Department, Legal Entity of Public Law, State Laboratory of Agriculture, Georgia |
| 3 | Legal Entity of Public Law, Scientific Research Center of Agriculture, Georgia |
| 4 | Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Milano, Italy |
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Iveta Megrelishvili
Integrated Plant Protection Research, Legal Entity of Public Law, Scientific Research Center of Agriculture, Georgia
Integrated Plant Protection Research, Legal Entity of Public Law, Scientific Research Center of Agriculture, Georgia
Submission date: 2022-01-25
Acceptance date: 2022-04-19
Online publication date: 2022-08-10
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2022;62(3):231–237
HIGHLIGHTS
- Most vineyards were found affected by GY in Georgia, with the prevalence of BN.
- Georgian cultivars showed mild symptoms with no berry alterations.
- 16SrV phytoplasmas were firstly reported in grapevine in Georgia.
- Real-time PCR is a reliable method for detecting BN and 16SrV phytoplasmas.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
During field surveys conducted from July to October 2018–2020 in the eastern part of
Georgia (Caucasus region), 145 out of 8000 (1.8%) and 147 out of 6600 (2.2%) grapevine
plants, respectively, from mother stock/collection fields and commercial vineyards, were
found exhibiting typical or suspicious grapevine yellows (GY) symptoms. Most of the
symptomatic grapevine plants of Georgian cultivars showed mild symptoms with no berry
alterations. Leaf samples from symptomatic plants were analyzed by serological (DAS-
-ELISA) and molecular (two previously published protocols of TaqMan triplex real-time
PCR, here named Set I and Set II) tools for detecting GY-associated phytoplasmas. The
presence of GY phytoplasmas was not detected in any examined grapevines by a serological
method. GY phytoplasmas were identified in 22.41% and 6.9% symptomatic plants from
mother stock and collection vineyards and in 48.3 and 19.0% symptomatic plants from
commercial vineyards by Set I and Set II PCRs, respectively. As expected from previous
studies reporting the wide presence of bois noir (BN) in Georgian vineyards, ‘Candidatus
Phytoplasma solani’(CaPsol) was detected in most phytoplasma-infected plants (47.6%),
with the highest infection rate in Chardonnay. Phytoplasmas belonging to taxonomic group
16SrV were detected in 45.6% of the phytoplasma-infected grapevines. To the best of our
knowledge, this is the first report of 16SrV phytoplasmas in Georgia and in the Caucasus
region. Further molecular typing of 16SrV phytoplasma strains is necessary to determine
if such strains are associated with flavescence dorée (FD). The knowledge of typical GY
symptoms and the utilization of accurate diagnostic tools are crucial for preventing pathogen
spread and producing healthy planting material. Based on the results obtained in this
study, the presence of BN and 16SrV phytoplasmas should be monitored in the next years
using triplex real-time PCR.
FUNDING
The project [grant number: NFR-18-874] was funded
by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of
Georgia (SRNSFG).
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Natasza Borodynko-Filas
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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